When using this fit, it will be necessary to take care for additional fixing of the gmn labyrinth seal to the housing or shaft by using additional gluing. The labtecta product range is an advanced labyrinth design that offers ingress protection of ip66 as standard and up to ip69k with the labtecta op. They operate on the principle of positive clearance and do not rub on shafts or housing. Therefore, an investigation was undertaken to design, fabricate and test several unique labyrinth seal concepts intended to decrease leakage through higher efficiency. In addition the new cf labyrinth seal is also offered in a different design for standard ball bearings made from aluminum. The aluminum seal is offered in all sizes according to ball bearing row 62. C geometry of three canted knives with a smooth land case 3. These types of seals are used in a variety of settings, and can be used on objects which rotate and otherwise move. Labyrinth seals lip seal alternative an effective alternative to lip seals, chesterton offers a unique polymerbased labyrinth seal design for use in splash applications for protection of pumps, gearboxes and other rotating equipment.
Optimizing a helical groove seal with grooves on both the rotor and stator surfaces. Engineered polymer seals installation instructions polymer. The effects of two seal design parameters, namely blade tooth thickness and blade profile, on labyrinth seal leakage, as well as the effect of operating a seal in an offcenter position, were. Labyrinth seal design options oil seal ingersoll rand offers a complete range of seal arrangements to meet the specific needs of your application. Straight through triangular labyrinth seals are one of the most commonly used. Standard labyrinthstyle airgas and oil seals used with atmospheric air and lowpressure gases effectively confine air in the stage casings and. Various groups of labyrinth seals based on their design and arrangement on the blades tips and on the rotor, are discussed in 3, 4, 6. Labyrinth seals have been designed in the past in a variety of different shapes with different leakage mass flow rates. The implementation of brush seals as an alternative to labyrinth seals in a gas turbine engine is outlined in this article. Analysis of labyrinth seal flow patterns to improve bulk. Advanced labyrinth seal design performance for high. Find labyrinth seals and clearance seals on globalspec by specifications. The seal is mounted in a ball joint assembly that is also free to move.
Geometry of a stepped labyrinth seal configuration case 1. Morrison annular seals are devices used in turbomachinery to avoid flow losses which reduce efficiency. Labyrinth seal fda seals american high performance seals. Labyrinth seals and clearance seals are minimumleakage seals that protect machine elements from contamination through a noncontact method. This noncontact seal has no wearing parts and eliminates fretting caused by conventional lip seals. Isotech of illinois inc, usa a labyrinth seal that is designed to allow for radial, axial and angular misalignment of the shaft is described. Saving fuel, reducing emissions for rail freight applications, the ecoturn seal offers an approximate 20 inchpound 2. Therefore, this paper uses the quaternionquadratic regression orthogonal 12 implementation method and determines the variation range of four control parameters on the basis of the general principles of labyrinth seal design. Labyrinth seal design optimization based on quadratic. Outboard of the dry gas seal is a barrier seal, which separates the gas seal from the compressor shaft bearings fig.
An extensive data base was accumulated from published and inhouse experimental results as the foundation for the development of a design model for labyrinth seals. Skf noncontact labyrinth seals provide an ideal solution. Pdf the influence of labyrinth seal structure parameters and their interaction on the characteristics of leakage amount are numerically investigated. Engineering a better noncontact seal machine design. Geometry of a labyrinth seal with a smooth land, case 2. Labyrinth seal geometries linear seal with more chambers a, stepped design b and seal in application to gas turbines c, 2. Cavity pressures, velocity and leakage computation in straight through or stepped labyrinth seals.
The labyrinth is a straight through design and a defined clearance on the shaft. Advanced labyrinth seal design performance for high pressure. Air compressors generally will always use a labyrinth seal. Labyrinth seals use a noncontact seal design and are specifically designed to protect bearings from splashing water and other contaminants. Mounting instructions for labyrinth seals gmn bearing usa. Labyrinth seals are constructed in multiple pieces. Analysis of labyrinth seal flow patterns to improve bulk flow. Incorporates a gas type seal that effectively seals around the shaft to protect against static and dynamic liquid leakage. Apr 30, 2015 therefore, an investigation was undertaken to design, fabricate and test several unique labyrinth seal concepts intended to decrease leakage through higher efficiency. I have attached a copy of their analysis and results within this report. The influence of labyrinth seal structure parameters and their interaction on the characteristics of leakage amount are numerically investigated by conducting a quadratic regression orthogonal. The labyrinth seal consists of one or more sharpedged ridges machined on the outside diameter of a rotating shaft or on the inside diameter of a sealing passage as shown in fig. Lip seal alternative to avoid fretting chesterton labyrinth. Ptfe seals parker hannifin 8 prdifa technology division general information 1 when to use ptfe seals in the 1960s, the addition of fillers was found to improve a number of physical properties, particularly creep and wear rate.
The paper introduces a variety of carefully thoughtout labyrinth systems for practical application and the designer is supplied with detailed design directives. They consist of a stationary and a rotating ring and are made of engineering plastic. The two pieces interlock to effectively seal out the majority of contaminants while holding in the lubricant. Predicting leakage flow in labyrinth seals dates back to egli. The company reserves the right to change designs and specifications at any time. In these applications, it is the long and difficult path and the formation of controlled fluid vortices plus some limited contactsealing action that creates the seal. This is important for the design of high pressure compressors, where labyrinth damping is a. Keywords machine tool labyrinth seal spindle bearing shaft seal precision machine tool. Labyrinth seals are also found on pistons, which use them to store oil and seal against high pressure during compression and power strokes, as well as on other nonrotating shafts. Apr 08, 2020 in fact, movement can make the labyrinth seal even more effective, depending on the design.
Gmn labyrinth seal cf 60 and cf 619 for spindle bearings. The labyrinth seal is a controlled leakage seal used to prevent highpressure gas leaking out of the case to the atmosphere and minimizes internal leakage. An example of such a seal is sometimes found within an axles bearing to help prevent the leakage of the oil lubricating the bearing a labyrinth seal may be composed of many grooves that press tightly inside another axle, or inside a hole, so that the fluid has to pass through a. Pdf labyrinth seal design optimization based on quadratic. A typical type of noncontacting seal is the labyrinth seal, where circumferential grooves are cut into the rotor, stator or both. Labyrinth seals and clearance seals specifications. Maintaining an accurate clearance during nominal and transient operation and providing effective damping is of key importance for seal designers. Noncontact labyrinth seal assembly pdf free download. Labyrinth seal calculations mechanical seal engineering. Aircraft cabin air and engine oil an engineering view pdf speech. One piece, known as the stator, is affixed to the machine and remains stationary. The hybrid labyrinth seal incorporates a plain contact seal component to solve some standard labyrinth seal limitations. A labyrinth seal is a type of mechanical seal that provides a tortuous path to help prevent. In short, the integrated lip seal contacts the shaft at lower speeds, and.
Most fillers are stable up to 400 c, so they do not restrict use in high temperatures. Lowfriction seals with skf wave lip design the seal types crw1, crwh1, crwa1 and crwha1 have an skf wave lip design to reduce friction and heat generation. Shape optimization of a labyrinth seal applying the simulated. Labyrinth seal air leakage performance in current and advanced high pressure ratio gas turbines is directly related to the limitations of current available sealing. These seals generally do not perform well at low operating speeds. Stepped labyrinth seal cavity control volume mass fluxes stepped labyrinth seal cavity control volume shear stress forces stepped labyrinth seal cavity control volume momentum fluxes straight labyrinth seal, teeth on stator notation for leakage, pressure and velocity stepped labyrinth seal, teeth on stator notation for leakage, pressure and. Of course the cf labyrinth seal also provides all general advantages of a non.
Using a tortuous path, labyrinth seals reduce leakage by dissipating the fluids kinetic energy through viscous forces caused by the formation of vortices in each seal groove. The labyrinth seal has a number of grooves which interlock with other grooves or teeth. Another form of labyrinth and clearance seals is a laminar sealing ring, which uses a series of flat metal washerlike rings of varying diameters to create a labyrinth seal. If your design requires looser fitting of the seal due to ease of mounting you might use the tolerance h7.
Intuitively, they do this by taking advantage of the resistance to fluid flow depending on not just the p. The other piece, called the rotor, is attached to the shaft and rotates with the motion of the system. Labyrinth seals alabyrinth seal may be specified where the process to be sealed is at low to moderate pressures and relatively high leakage flows are tolerable. The design is noncontacting and does not wear the machinery shaft. Labyrinth air seal labyrinth seal design options oil seal ingersoll rand offers a complete range of seal arrangements to meet the specific needs of your application. Labyrinth seals, formerly named leidenfrost seals or mini mace, have a very specific manufacturing process that guarantees the identity of the inner and outer ring profiles to ensure they remain inseparable here are the steps taken to produce a labyrinth seal. When choosing labyrinth seals and clearance seals, the operating speed and temperature must be considered. This catalog reflects the latest design features at the time of printing.
Users may specify a labyrinth seal because of favorable operating experience, cost, or a dislike of mechanical seals. Rotor will stretch once installed on the shaft and create interfe. The dynamic stability of the machine is also improved by the seal. Labyrinth seals a promising and effective design semantic scholar. Made from chestertons proprietary polymer material technology, the chesterton, patentpending polymer labyrinth seal pls is a noncontact bearing seal designed to provide protection for pumps, motors, gearboxes, and other rotating equipment in splash applications. These seals are more info not designed to seal pressure differentials or to seal against high fluid levels. The advance labyrinth design allows the bearing housing to breath out when the shaft is rotating but seals when the shaft stops. In this white paper, learn how you can configure freely without requiring any custom development, and quickly update configurations as your needs evolve.
A labyrinth seal is a seal which creates a complicated path for liquids to pass through, making it challenging for liquids to cross the barrier created by the seal because they have difficulty making their way all the way through the labyrinth. The steel inner ring is first surrounded with molded aluminum. Volume iii analytical and experimental development of a design model for labyrinth seals. For a more complete description of dry gas seal principles of operation, see shah 1988. Find out how your company can benefit from plm built on salesforce. Labyrinth seal pumps acds labyrinth seal design is reliable and provides trouble free centrifugal pump operation eliminating the need for a traditional mechanical seal. Standard labyrinthstyle airgas and oil seals used with atmospheric air and lowpressure gases. Inboard of the dry gas seal is an inner labyrinth seal, which separates the process gas from the gas seal. Align the drain port at 6 oclock position and slide the seal onto the shaft uniformly pressing both stator and rotor in the equipment. Engineered polymer seals installation instructions 1 3 2 4 seal orientation and parts. This differs from most traditional seals, which use a single lip in an attempt to seal an opening. Labyrinth seals are intended to prevent fluid liquid or gas flowing from one region to another, while not sealing off the passage entirely.
Design optimization and verification skf can work with you to optimize current or new designs with proprietary 3d modeling software that can also be used as a virtual test rig to confirm the integrity of the design. Specifically, im looking for calculations that give me leakage rates given a. Labyrinth seal preprocessor and postprocessor design and parametric study by rumeet pradeep mehta thesis submitted to the faculty of the virginia polytechnic institute and state university in. A second seal element is received within the second groove and the retention of each seal element, within 12 sealing technology a crosssectional view of a noncontact labyrinth seal assembly disposed on a shaft constructed in accordance with a preferred embodiment of patent wo20147963. Cavity pressures, velocity and leakage computation in. Plant engineerings 2016 product of the year award in the fluid handling category. Labyrinth seal calculations labyrinth seal calculations iainuts mechanical op 8 jan 07 11. Labyrinth seals and clearance seals selection guide. Skf the kno wledge engineering company s p e c i f i c a t i o n design and ed velo p ma nuf act ur e a n d t e s t i n s t a. A labyrinth seal is a type of mechanical seal that provides a tortuous path to help prevent leakage. Similarly, if the labyrinth chambers are correctly designed, any liquid that has escaped the main chamber becomes entrapped in a labyrinth chamber, where it. The sinusoidal form of the skf wave lip considerably extends the path on the counter surface and reduces the radial load against the shaft.
The approach used in the unique designs for improving the efficiency of labyrinth seals involved increasing the internal cavity turbulence of the seal. Im looking for a paper or design calculations for labyrinth seals used in liquid service. Capable of excluding contamination as effectively as contact or lip seals, skf noncontact labyrinth seals also operate with little or no friction. Apply a thin film of lubricant to the shaft and bore. Brush seals and labyrinth seals in gas turbine applications.